ANDRITSENA-
Temple of Apollo Epikourios
The temple
of Epikurios Apollo stands at a height of 1130m on mount Kotilio, 14km south
of Andritsaina. At this site, which was called Vassai (little valleys) in
antiquity, the inhabitants of nearby Phigaleia founded a sanctuary of Apollo
Bassitas in the 7thc BC, where they worshipped the god with the epithet
Epikourios- supporter in war or illness. The temple of Apollo in the sanctuary
at Vassai
is one of the best-preserved monuments of the ancient Classical world. It
was built from 420 to 400 BC on the site of an earlier Archaic temple.
It is believed that the temple was built in honor of Epikurios Apollo, as
gratitude for saving their town from a plague. The traveler
Pausanias,
who visited and admired the monument in the middle of the 2nd C. AD, states
that its architect was Iktinos
who was also the architect of the Parthenon in Athens.
The temple of Apollo is
presently covered in a white tent with five rows in order to protect the
ruins from the elements. Conservation work is currently being carried out
under the supervision of the Committee of the Epicurean Apollo, which is
based in Athens.
Epikurios
Apollon
The temple of Epikurios Apollo stands
at a height of 1130m on mount Kotilio, 14km south of Andritsaina. At this
site, which was called Vassai (little valleys) in antiquity, the inhabitants
of nearby Phigaleia founded a sanctuary of Apollo Bassitas in the 7thc BC,
where they worshipped the god with the epithet Epikourios- supporter in
war or illness. The temple of Apollo in the sanctuary at
Vassai is one of the
best-preserved monuments of the ancient Classical world. It was built from
420 to 400 BC on the site of an earlier Archaic temple. It is believed
that the temple was built in honor of Epikurios Apollo, as gratitude for
saving their town from a plague. The traveler
Pausanias, who visited
and admired the monument in the middle of the 2nd C. AD, states that its
architect was Iktinos
who was also the architect of the Parthenon in Athens.
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The temple is
the first nearly complete temple still surviving that combines
all three architectural styles: Doric, Ionian and Corinthian.
It is a Doric peripteral temple made from local limestone, and
consists of a prodome and a cella. It is orientated north to
south. The great originality of the monument lies in its internal
design. In the cella, there is a suggestion of a colonnade on
three of the four sides, as in the Parthenon and the temple
of Hephaestus (the Theseion) in Athens, but the columns on the
longer sides are not free-standing. |
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At the end of the cella, opposite the entrance, the free standing
column (and perhaps also the two and half columns aligned with
it) carried the first Corinthian capital in the history of architecture.
The colonnade supported an Ionic entablature with a relief frieze
encircling the inside of the cella on all four sides. It was
31m long and consisted of 23 slabs, with scenes of
Amazonomachy
and a Centauromachy,
have been in the British Museum since 1814.
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Behind the free
standing Corinthian column, in the position occupied in other
temples by the closed adytum, there was a small room which,
while it communicated freely with the cella, nonetheless "faced"
east for religious reasons, with a door opening on to the east
peripteron. The temple is now being restored, and will be re-erected
on the same location but on a new base that will allow it to
withstand the earth-tremors and soil-shifting that occur in
the area. For further information or details concerning the
temple please call: Tel: +3-06260-22254 |
The temple was dedicated to Apollo Epikourios
("Apollo the helper"). It was designed by Iktinos, architect of the Temple
of Hephaestus and the Parthenon. The ancient writer Pausanias praises the
temple as eclipsing all others except the temple of Athena at Tegea, by
the beauty of its stone and the harmony of its construction.It sits at an
elevation of 1,131 metres
above sea level on the slopes of Kotylion Mountain.